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Termites are known to take pollen and regularly visit flowers,177 so are considered as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging workers, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have grown powerful defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they have passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When kept close to the extract, they get disoriented and eventually die.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 websites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most badly affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created out of ground and mud.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.
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To build their nests, termites mostly utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used click this in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest builders, since they only dwell inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds shield the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the gut of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
By way of example, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is employed as a last line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive types, such as the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.